Organosiloxane alcohols



The term organo functional groups United States ORGANOSILOXANE ALCOHOLS 7 Claims. 01. 260-465 This invention relates to organosilicon compounds having hydroxylated hydrocarbonyl radicals attached to the L silicon.

This application is a continuation-in-part of applicants copending application Serial No. 463,061, filed October 18, 1954, now abandoned, which was a continuation-in-part of applicants then copending appliabandoned. l

as employed hereinafter refers to an organic group attached to a silicon by a S;i -C bond which group also contains a functional organic group substituted therein (i.e., COOH, OH, NH CHO, etc.). The term organo functional silicon compound refers to an organosilicon compound containing an organo functional group. The term silicon functional group as employed herein refers to a hydrolysable or a condensable group attached to the silicon by linkages other than SiC (i.e., halogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc.).

Organosilicon compounds containing organo functional groups which have previously been prepared are generally those containing four nonhydrolyzable groups attached to the silicon. These materials could not be polymerized to siloxanes without cleavage of went the organic groups. In those cases where some of the organic groups attached to the silicon are methyl and/or phenyl, the previously known organo functional organosilicon compounds could be polymerized to siloxanesby cleavage of a methyl or a phenyl radical by concentrated sulphuricv acid followed by hydrolysis of the resulting silyl sulphate. However, the siloxanes so prepared were inherently 'dimeric materials and were not capable of further siloxane polymerization. As a consequence the organo functional siloxanes heretofore known have been limited in their applicability.

Ever since the advent of. organopolysiloxane resins there has been a continued eiiort to combine them with organic resins such as alkyds. In general, the efforts for such a combination have been directed toward either merely blending an organosilicon resin with an alkyd resin or by reacting an organosilicon compound having a silicon functional group with a polyhydric alcohol and a dibasic acid or with a previously prepared alkyd resin having free hydroxyls. These methods have produced resins which have met with considerable commercial success. Nevertheless these resins sulfer from the fact that the siloxanes and the alkyd are combined through Si-OC linkages which are inherently hydrolytically unstable. As a result the moisture resistance of such resins is not as good as could be desired.

One of the primary objects of this invention is to provide organosiloxanes which can be chemically combined with various types of organic resins without having Si-OC linkages present in the product. Another object is tov provide functional organopolysiloxanes which have greater flexibility. of application than has heretofore been possible with such materials. Another object is to providefunctional organopolysiloxaneswhich are.

atent O cation SerialNo. 398,896, filed December 17, 1953, now

in which X is hydrogen or bromine.

2,924,588 Patented Feb. 9, 1960 commercially feasible. Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description.

This invention relates to organosiloxanes of the formula (HOR) R SiO in which R is a divalent saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical in which the hydroxyl group is attached to at least the third carbon atom away from the silicon, R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a halogenated m-onovalent hydrocarbon radical, free of aliphatic unsaturation and b has a value from 0 to 2 inclusive. l

The siloxanes of this invention are prepared by hydrolyzing organofunctional silanes of the formula (YOR)R' SiX- in which R, R and b are as above defined, Y is an acyl or a trihydrocarbonylsilyl radical and X is bromine, chlorine or hydrogen. The hydrolysis of these silanes is carried out under conditions which will not only remove the X .radicals from the silicon but will also hydrolyze the Y group. In those cases in which Y is a tricarbonylsilyl radical the hydrolysis of both groups is carried out by-merely adding the organosilicon compound to water, preferably in the presence of a solvent such as toluene, ether and the like. When the Y group is an acyl radical then the conditions must be. somewhat more drastic in order to hydrolyze the organoesterflinkage. This' may be done by refluxing the silane with dilute aqueous alkali. The above silanes are best prepared by reacting unsaturated esters of the formula ROY with hydrogen-containing silanes of the for- These silanes should contain at least one hydrogen atombonded to the silicon. The reaction proceeds by means of the addition of the silane to the unsaturated linkage in the ester and can be represented schematically as follows:

+EsiH-- si x:1rt In general the reaction may be carried out at temperatures from 50 to C. and if desired, catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide or t-butylperbenzoate may be employed.

The preferred silane reactants in this process are those However, chlorosilanes may also be employed although the yields are not as good.

The unsaturated esters which are employed are those which contain one O=C linkage. These esters may be either esters of an unsaturated alcohol and a saturated organic acid or esters of an unsaturated alcohol and a silanol. For the purposes of this invention the esters employed may be either aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. The cycloaliphatic esters can be either monocyclic or polycyclic. The unsaturated alcohols themselves cannot be employed in the reaction because the active hydrogen reacts with the silane X radicals to give complex products.

Specific examples of esters which are operative herein are allyl acetate, trimethylallyloxysilane, undecenyl acetate, oleyl propionate,

CH3 ICE:

and 4 cyclohexeneol acetate.

I CHrOAc The above cyclic esters are best prepared by the wellknown Diels-Alder reaction which involves the condensation of a 1,4-conjugated diene with the ester of an unsaturated alcohol. 4

For the purpose of this invention R may. be any divalent saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical. The position of the hydroxyl group on the radicals must be such that it is on at least the third carbon from the silicon (i.e., the gamma carbon). The hydroxyl may be at any distance greater than this from the silicon. If the hydroxyl group is on the first or second carbon atom removed from the silicon (i.e., the alpha or beta carbon atom), the compounds are hydrolytically unstable and are not suitable for use in this invention.

Specificexamples of R radicalswhich are within the scope of this-invention are any saturated divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals of at least 3 carbon atoms such as propylene, butylene and octadecylene and any saturated cycloaliphatic divalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 4 carbon atoms such as and such as alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, octadecyl;

cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl; and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals such as phenyl, benzyl, tolyl, naphthyl and xenyl. R can also be any halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radical free of aliphatic unsaturation such as chlorophenyl, dibromoxenyl, tetrafluoroethyl, pentafluorobutyl and a,a,a-trifluorotolyl.

The organo functional siloxanes of this invention can be copolymerized with any other siloxanes of the formula R,.SiO T where R" is any monovalent hydrocarbon or halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radical and n has an average value from 1 to 3. For example, the corresponding hydrolyzable silanes may be cohydrolyzed in the conventional manner or the functional siloxanes of this invention can be copolyme'rizedwith other siloxanes by means of siloxane bond rearrangement. The relative amount of the functional organo siloxanes can be varied toany 4 phenyl silane and 2.8 g. of t-butylperbenzoate were heated on a steam bath for one hour. Upon distillation, phenylsilylpropoxytrimethyl silane, B.P. 9899 C. at 2 mm., was obtained.

When this material is hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, the siloxane C H [HO(CH ]SiO is obtained.

Example 2 Example 1 was repeated using monoamyl-silane. The resulting product was 3-amylsi1ylpropoxytrimethyl silane,

When this material was hydrolyzed, the siloxane having the unit formula [(C H )HO(CH SiOl was obtained.

Example 3 43 g. monophenyl silane, 20 g. of allyl acetate and 2.8 g. of t-butylperbenzoate were heated on a steam bath for 4 hours at about. 90 C. Upon distillation of the reaction mixture a 72% yield of 3-phenylsilylpropyl acetate was obtained. This material boils at 155 to 156 C. at 2.5 mm.

A solution of 40 g. of 3-phenylsilylprOpyl acetate in 75 ml. of. ether was added slowly to a solution" of 25 ml. of-ethanol which contained 4 g. of water and a catalytic amount of piperidine and sodium hydroxide. ,During the addition the temperature was maintained belipw 35 C.

andevolution of gas was noted. After l hour the addition was complete and the mixture stood at room temperature for 15 hours. The organic layer was washed several times with very dilute acid until neutral and the resulting organic liquid was dried over sodium sulphate.

Upon evaporation of the solvent a viscous liquid siloxane polymer was obtained having a refractive'index at 25 C. of 1.5282 and a density at 25 C. of.1.160. This siloxane had the unit structural formula slowly with stirring to a solution of 4 g. of water, 25 ml. of ethanol and ml. of ether, said solution containing a catalytic quantity of sodium hydroxide. Gas evolution occurred immediately and the temperature was maintained below 35 C. After standing overnight a soluextent, for example, from .001 to 99.999 mol percent J of the copolymer.

The functional organo siloxanes of this invention either aloneor when copolymerized with other siloxanes can also be reacted with polyfunctional organic compounds such as dicarboxylicacids or di-isocyanates to give resinous materials. For example, the functional siloxanes of this invention can be reacted with phthalic anhydride and drying oil acids in the conventional manner for preparing alkyd resins. The resulting products are useful for paints and enamels. In addition the siloxanes of this invention can be reacted via the organo functional group with other organo functional siloxanes such as those disclosed and claimed in the applicants US. Patent No. 2,723,987.

The organo functional siloxanes of this invention are useful, per se, as surface active agents.

The following examples are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention which is properly set forth in the appended claims.

-tion of 8.5 g. of sodium hydroxidein 25 ml. of ethanol and 25 of water was added slowly and the resulting mixture was heated and stirred at 50 to 55 C. for 3 hours. Upon cooling 18.9 g. of sodium acetate trihydrate crystals formed. The liquid product was mixed with 50 m1. benzene and made neutral with dilute acid. The organic layer was washed several times with water and theresulting material stripped of solvents. The resulting product was a viscous polymeric siloxane having the unit formula 0 C6H5Si CH2 3OH which was obtained in quantitative yield.

, Example 5 6 g. of the siloxane 8.3 g. of the siloxane 0 00115816615100 OH i (preparedin accordance with US. Patent No. 2,723,987)

. "and 1'0-'g.' of l2-hydroxystearic acid were combinedand heated at 250 C. in a C0 atmosphere for 6 hours. The

: resulting. polymer was tough, somewhat, elastic material parts by weight pentaerythritol, 52 parts by weight phthalic anhydride 'and '13.5 parts by weight of the siloxane 9 were all dissolved in 200 parts by volume of xylene and heated with stirring at 148 'C.for 5 hours. xylene was then stripped 01f at a temperature of 225 C. over a period of 15 hours. 100 parts by volume of xylene was then added and heating was continued at 150 C.

The

for 4 hours. A total of 13 parts by weight water was removed. The solution was concentrated in a C atmosphere to remove xylene. The resulting resin amounted to 204 parts by weight and had an acid number of 12.3 and 12.9.

This resin' was diluted to 70% solids with Stoddard solvent and yielded a solution of a Gardner-Holt viscosity Z-l and a Gardner color of 9.

71.5 parts by weight of this resin solution was mixed with .27 part by volume of 6% cobalt-naphthenate and .35 part by volume of 25% lead naphthenate driers. The resulting varnish had an air-drying time'of 1 hour and 40 minutes for a 3 mil film. After drying for 72 hours the Sward hardness was 14.

This resin film showed a greatly improved thermal stability over a comparable alkyd formulation containing none of the siloxane and had an extremely high alkali resistance when compared with standard alkali-resistant alkyd formulations. The film did not water spot which is a decided improvement over previously known siliconealkyd resins.

A paint made by mixing 50 parts by weight of the above .resin'with 56 parts .by. weight Ti0 was found' I to adhere strongly to iron, copper, brass and wood.

Example 7 21.2 g. of undecenyl acetate and 1 g. of t-butylper-' benzoate were added slowly to 27 g. of monophenyl silane. During the addition, the reaction mixture was maintained at 90-95" C. and heating was continued for 19 hours. The volatiles were removed under vacuum and the residue was the product C H SiH (CH OOCCH This material had a specific refraction of .3092.

g. of this silane acetate wassaponified and hydrolyzed by refluxing with dilute sodium hydroxide solution for several hours. The reaction mixture was washed free of sodium acetate and after evaporation of the volatiles a viscous fluid having the unit formula Bl'3 B.P. 109-110 C. at 4 mm.

When this silane was hydrolyzed at a temperature below 35 C. a siloxane O SiCH CH CH OOCCH was obtained.

When this siloxane is refluxed with an aqueous ethanol solution containing a catalytic amount of NaOH for hours and thereafter acidified, the siloxane alcohol LQMSKCHQQOH is obtained.

is obtained.

6 Example 9 Trichlorosilane was reacted with allyl acetate in the manner of Example 8. The compound Cl SiCH CH CH 0OCCH B.P. 90-95 C. at ism, Was; obtained in lower yield. Example 10 ,WhQn 1. molof methyldibromosilane is reacted with 1 mol of allyloxytrimethylsilanein the manner of Example 1 the compound Bra a MeSKCHzhOSiMe:

is obtained. i

When this silane is hydrolyzed by adding it to a mixture of water and toluene the siloxane having the unit formula When 1 mol of chlorophenyls ilane is reacted with 1 mol of allyloxytrimethylsilane in accordance with the procedure of Example 7 1 the compound H C1QaH4Si (Q H2)3 OSiM6 l is obtained. When this materialis' hydrolyzed by adding it to a mixture of water and toluene the siloxane having the unit formula 0 ClO HrSKCHshOH is obtained.

Example 12 When an equal molar mixture'of Br Si(CH OSiMe and phenylmethyldichlorosilane and phenylvinyldichlorosilane is cohydrolyzed by adding it to a mixture of toluene and water and the resulting solution is washed free of acid and heated at 100 C. for 12 hours a copolymeric siloxane having the structural units HO(CH SiO C H (Me)SiO, C H (C H )SiO and Me SiO is obtained.

Example 13 64.8 g. of monophenylsilane was heated to 80 to C. under N as amixture of 57.9 g. of

CH, A00

I SiCdH CH2 t ACO I e Example l l I Equimolar arnounts of 'trichlorosilane and-the compound were-heated in the presenc'ebf -t-butylperbenzoatefin accordance with the mama-erexam e 13. Upon distillation of the resulting product the compound oias' 'onioxc was obtained.

30.2 g. of this chlorosilane was added slowly with stirring to a solution of, 23.5 g. potassium hydroxide in 100 ml. of water. The solution was cooledduring the addition of the chlorosilanemAfter addition was complete the mixture was heated 1 hour at 100C. A solid precipitate had formedso 100ml. of ethanol were added at 50 C. Complete solution occurred. The solution was, then refluxed for 2 hours whereupon potassium acetate and potassium chloride precipitated. The solution was filtered and ether was added to the filtrate. The

water layer separated and was discarded and the organic layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue dried for several hours at 110 C. The resulting product was the siloxane alcohol having the formula The silicon content was foundto be 15.45%.

Example 15 A mixture of 105 g. of phenylmethyldichlorosilane, 31.6 g. phenyltrichlorosilane, 22.3 g. of methyltn'chlorosilane and 45.2 g. of

oksgaoao were cohydrolyzed in the presence of toluene and ether. The resulting resin'was then refluxed-in a mixtureof 100 ml. toluene, 50 ml. ethanol and g. of potassium hydroxide for 3 hours at 81 C. The resulting product was a siloxane copolymer resin composed of 55 mol percent phenylmethylsiloxane, mol percent monophenylsiloxane, 15 mol percent monomethylsiloxane and 15 mol percent Oa/aS' CHzOH A 70% toluene solution of this resin was mixed with an equivalent amount of m-toluene diisocyanate. Sheet iron panels were coated with this solution and cured minutes at 120 C. The films obtained were light in color, glossy and flexible and were unatfected by hydrogen chloride and by saturated sodium chloride solution when heated'in the latter 3 hours at 95 C.

Equivalent results were obtained when the resin was reacted with p,p diisocyanatodiphenylmethane.

Example 16 1,000 g. of allyl acetate were mixed with 4 g. of 1% by weight platinum-on-charcoal and heated to reflux. 1041 g. of dimcthylmonochlorosilane were added at a rate to keep the mixture boiling from the heat of reaction. The addition required aboutiS hours. The product was 8 filtered and-distilled. Volatiles were stripped 'off. 1675 g. of dimethylchlorosilylpropyl acetate were obtained-a yield of 86%. a 487 .g. -ofthe above product were hydrolyzed with crushed ice. After beingwashedfree of H01, the hy- -drolyzate was dried azeotropically with benzene and; distilled to produce 386 g., a yield of 91%, of

M62 O[Si(CH2)sOH]z That which is claimed is:

- 1. A-siloxane having the unit formula in which each R is selected from thegroup consisting of divalent saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, in which the hydroxyl group is attached .to at least the third carbon atom away from the silicon, --each R is selected from the .groupconsisting or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, said radicals being free of aliphatic unsaturation and b has an average value of from 0 to -2 inclusive. i

2. A siloxane having the formula M82 O[Si(CH2)3OH] 3. A siloxane having the unit formula (HOR)RbSiO T in which R is selected'from the group consisting of divalent saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, in which the hydroxyl group is attached to at least the third carbon atom away from the silicon, -R' is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals land. halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, said radicals being free of aliphatic unsaturation and b has a value from 0 to 1 inclusive.

4. A siloxane having the unit formula where b has a value from 0 to 1 inclusive.

5. Asiloxane having the unit formula 0 CH SKCHMOH 6. A copolymeric siloxane composed of siloxane units of the formula (HOR)RbSiO in which each R is selected from thegroup consisting of divalent saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatichydro- .carbon radicals, in which the hydroxyl group is attached to at least the third carbon atom away from thesilicon, each .R 'is'selected from the group consisting of monovalenthydrocarbon radicals and halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, said radicalsbeingfree ofaliphatic unsaturation and b has an average value of irom 0 to 2 inclusive, and siloxane units of the formula where each R" is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon and halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and n has an average value of from 1 to 3 inclusive.

7. A copolymeric siloxane composed of siloxane units of the formula in which R is selected from the group consisting of divalent saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, in which the hydroxyl group is attached to at least the third carbon atom away from the silicon, R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and halogenated monova1enthydro- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Ellingboe June 22, 1948 2,443,898 2,527,590 Speier Oct. 31, 1950 2,629,727 Speier Feb. 24, 1953 OTHER REFERENCES Speier: J. American Chem. Soc., vol. 74, No. 4, Feb. 20, 1952, pages 1003-1010.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,924,588 I February 9, 1960 John L. Speier It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 2, lines 62 to 66, for that portion of the formula reading Signed and. sealed this 2nd day of August 1960.

[SEAL] Attest: KARL H. AXLINE, ROBERT C. WATSON,

Attes ting Oficer, Q h Commissioner of Patents, 

1. SILOXANE HAVING THE UNIT FORMULA 